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推算三伏天

自然科学 昌达空间 1594℃ 0评论

    一年中最热的时节就是三伏天。三伏分为初伏、中伏和末伏。每年出现在阳历7月中旬到8月中旬。特别在进入中伏后的天气温度高、气压低、湿度大、风速小。“伏”表示阳气受阴气所迫,潜伏在地。《奇门遁甲》说:“冬至一阳复生,夏至阴长阳消。”阳退阴长,空气闷热,湿度大。
  那么,三伏是怎么推算的呢?根据中原气候规律,按照古代“干支纪日法”的庚日来确定:夏至后第三个庚日为头伏(初伏),第四个庚日(或第五个庚日)为中伏(二伏),立秋后第一个庚日为末伏(三伏),每伏十天,共三十天。
  有的年份夏至到立秋四十多天中,出现5个庚日,那么,“中伏”为二十天,则共有四十天。
  例如:阳历公元2009年夏至是前五月二十九(公历6月21日),丁酉日,顺数至闰五月初二(6月24日)是庚子日,为第一个庚日、又顺数10天,至闰五月十二(7月4日)是第二个庚日,庚戌、再顺数10天,至闰五月二十二(公历7月14日)是第三个庚日,庚申日,为初伏(又叫头伏)
  再往下顺数10天,是阴历六月初二(7月24日),第四个庚日,庚午日,为中伏(二伏)。需要说明的是,阴历六月十七(8月7日)立秋,立秋节之前多出一个庚辰日,也就是说等于多出10天,那么,中伏就是20天。
  到了阴历六月十七日(8月7日),立秋,往后顺数第一个庚日为末伏(三伏),那就是阴历六月二十三日(8月13日),庚寅日。
  8月22日,一年的伏期全部结束。
  

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  一般年份,每伏十天,三伏共三十天。例如:2014年6月21日夏至,28日第一个庚日(庚午)、7月8日第二个庚日(庚辰)、18日第三个庚日(庚寅),从庚寅日进入头伏;
  7月28日庚子,进入中伏;
  由于8月7日立秋,当日是庚戌日,于是,进入末伏。至8月16日,伏期结束。
  2014年三伏共计30天,每伏10天。
  伏期到底30天还是40天,关键在于夏至到立秋节期间有几个庚日。如果有四个庚日,三伏共30天;如果有五个庚日,初伏10天、中伏20天、末伏10天,总共40天。


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