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《周易》第十九卦,地泽临

易经正解 昌达空间 1983℃ 0评论

【绪言】

  六十四卦第十九卦是《地泽临》。六爻纳甲法属于坤宫第三卦,五行属土。

  上一卦是《山风蛊》,花花世界,鱼龙混杂,事端频生。天下乱,圣人出,制定法律法规,加以约束,因此,此卦为《地泽临》。

  君临天下,巡察民间,天下百姓驻足观望,聆听教诲,因此,第二十卦是《风地观》。

  此卦讲的是政治风向。新一届领导执政之初,官民不免摇摆不定,暗自揣测。

  《临》卦,从上向下看。寓意强大、统治、治理、到达、传达、吩咐、命令。

  卦象叙述方式:体恤民众,感化人心;甜言蜜语,隐藏事务;亲自走进群众中间,体察民情;普及知识,提升民众文化水平;呕心沥血,勤政为民。

地泽临.jpg

【卦辞】

  卦辞:临,元亨利贞。至于①八月②有凶。

  译文

  卦辞:临卦,万事亨通,适宜持续下去。但是,到了八月份不吉利。

  ①至于:到达。②八月:八月份。详见辨析。

  辨析

  1.八月:指十二消息卦。泰卦一月、大壮二月、夬卦三月、乾卦四月、逅卦五月、随卦六月、否卦七月、观卦八月、剥卦九月、坤卦十月、复卦十一月、临卦十二月。如图。

  2.所谓消息,即生死,事物从生到灭的一个过程。坤卦阴极,一阳始生,代表万物复苏,称作息;乾卦阳极,一阴始生,代表万物枯萎,称作消。

   十二消息卦的详细解释,请点击:十二辟卦与四时

十二辟卦变化示意图.jpg

  彖曰:临,刚浸而长①。说而顺②,刚中而应③,大亨以正④,天之道也。至于八月有凶,消不久也⑤。

  译文

  彖曰:临卦,阳爻息阴,阴爻减退,象征正义的力量逐渐增加。下卦为兑为悦,上卦为坤为顺,刚正与阴柔遥相呼应。因此,万事亨通是用正义换来的,这是自然界的运行法则。到了八月份不吉利,因为过不了多久就开始消阳了。

  ①刚浸而长:阳刚逐渐增加。浸,逐渐。长,读zhǎng,增加。②说而顺:喜悦而又顺利。③刚中而应:阳刚与阴柔相呼应。④大亨以正:之所以万事亨通,原因在于符合四季的运行法则。正,准则,合乎规律。⑤消不久也:过不了多久就开始消阳了。

  辨析

  1.以正:符合一年四季的运行规律,比喻用正义的行为。以,利用。正,合乎四季运行规律,比喻正义。

  2.所谓息阴,指阳气上升,阴气消减。息阴之时,万物生长,比喻正能量。

  3.所谓消阳,指阴气下降,阳气退去。消阳之时,万物消灭,比喻负能量。所以才说:“至于八月有凶,消不久也。”

  4.息阴消阳,宇宙的运行规律。春夏秋冬,无限循环,任何人也无法置身其外。

 

  象曰:泽上有地,临。君子以教思无穷①,容保民无疆②。

  译文

  象曰:下卦为兑为沼泽,上卦为坤为大地,地下纳水,称作临卦。作为君子,由此受到启发,从而,永远心怀百姓,爱护百姓,千方百计地教化和引导百姓。

  ①教思无穷:竭力忧民教民。教,教民。思,忧民。无穷,没有止境,形容尽最大的力量,永远。②容保民无疆:永远宽容民众爱护民众。无疆,无边,形容永远。

  

【爻辞】

  初九:咸①临②,贞吉。

  象曰:咸临贞吉,志③行正也。

  译文

  初九:以感化来治理天下,把纯正的执政理念坚持下去,吉利。

  象曰:以感化来治理天下,把纯正的执政理念坚持下去。之所以吉利,那是因为自己决心走正确的道路。

  ①咸:感化。②临:治理。③志:立志,决心。

 

  九二:咸临,吉无不利。

  象曰:咸临,吉无不利,未顺命也①。

  译文

  九二:以感化来治理天下,吉祥,没有任何不利。

  象曰:以感化来治理天下,吉祥。之所以没有任何不利,那是因为自己挣脱了命运的枷锁,没有按照命运的安排去做。

  ①未顺命也:九二爻因爻阳位,不正。寓意挣脱命运的枷锁,没有顺从命运的安排。

 

  六三:甘①临,无攸利。既②忧之,无咎。

  象曰:甘临,位不当也③。既忧之,咎不长也。

  译文

  六三:只听好话来治理天下,那没任何好处。事后立即悔悟,就不至于犯下错误。

  象曰:只听好话来治理天下,这是他们的地位卑微,不敢说实话。事后立即悔悟,才不至于把错误的做法持续下去。

  ①甘:甘言,言辞悦耳。《左傳·昭十一年》:“币重而言甘。”②既忧:事后产生忧患思想。既,事后,立即。忧,忧患,指悔悟。③位不当也:所处的位置不恰当。

  辨析

  1.所谓甘临,只说好听话,报喜不报忧。这种人往往是领导身边的人,或是地方官员,面对领导,言辞悦耳,说的多是奉承话。

  地方小官地位卑微,根本不敢实话实说,这也很正常。比如,国家领导人到地方视察,听的都是恭维的好话,没有一个地方官员持反对意见,或是当面直谏。再如,五十年代末期的大跃进,鲁山县一颗红薯重达百斤、西平县小麦亩产双千斤,当时上了《人民日报》。这类不切实际的好听话,听起来顺耳,但却蒙蔽了领导的双眼,这就叫“甘临”。

  2.既忧之:幡然悔悟的意思。

  3.位不当也:六三爻阳位阴爻,失位。六三爻远离六五爻,相当于地方小官,地位卑微,不敢讲实话。

 

  六四:至临①,无咎。

  象曰:至临无咎,位当也。

  译文

  六四:干群同甘共苦,这才不会有错。

  象曰:干群同甘共苦,自己所处的位置就应该这样做。

  ①至临:亲自到达现场。至,亲自。临,面临、面对。形容干群生活在一起。又喻示体察民情,尽量满足。所以,至临又有给予恩惠的意思。

  辨析

  所谓至临,就是身临其境,亲眼看到的意思。按照今天的话说,就是“到群众中去,与人民同吃同住同工作”。再如,微服私访,体察民情。亲眼目睹,胸有成竹,不偏听偏信,以防地方官员欺上瞒下,这就是“至临”。

 

  六五:知①临,大君之宜②,吉。

  象曰:大君之宜,行中之谓也③。

  译文

  六五:把知识教给大家,这正是君王所应该做的,吉祥。

  象曰:君王应该这样做,意思是这样做最恰当。

  ①知:智慧,才识。②大君之宜:君王应该这样做。宜,适当。③行中之谓也:是说做法正当。行,执政。中,正确。谓,意思是。

  辨析

  1.所谓知临,知识降临,就是普及教育的意思。比如1952年,我国开展大规模扫盲运动,让老百姓认字学文化,就是“知临”。大街上张贴的《安全用电宣传画》,也是“知临”。《法制宣传画》,也是“知临”。

  2.行中:做法正当。中,指六五爻,在上卦中间,所以用“中”比喻正确。

 

  上六:敦①临,吉,无咎。

  象曰:敦临之吉,志在内也。

  译文

  上六:工作在一线,踏实勤勉,吉利,不会出现过失。

  象曰:工作在一线,踏实勤勉,之所以吉利,原因在于这种做风是发自内心的。

  ①敦:踏实勤勉。

  辨析

  1.所谓敦临,就是踏实勤奋,务实从真。上六爻,是全卦的最上爻,喻示第一线。比如周恩来总理,始终工作在第一线,心胸宽广,勤政为民,无论是国际风云,还是国民生计,他都要认真思考,做出正确的决策,这就是标准的“敦临”。周总理说:自己就是人民的总服务员。”这是周总理发自内心的话。所以,象辞才说“志在内也”。

  2.爻辞说“吉利”,为何又说“不会犯错”?听起来有些重复,其实不然。上六爻高于君王,所作所为略不恰当就会出错。所以,只有做到“敦临”,才会吉利。不然,就会出错。周总理工作在第一线,日理万机,夜以继日,辛勤操劳,直至生命的最后一刻。其本人毫无私心杂念,自然是吉利的。

 

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