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试析六十四卦方圆图

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  六十四卦方圆图,就是六十四卦《方图》和《圆图》的集合图,象征宇宙空间。其中,《圆图》象征天,代表时间;《方图》象征地,代表人事。

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(一)方图

  先天八卦的排列次序是:乾一、兑二、离三、震四、巽五、坎六、艮七、坤八。

  咱们先看《方图》。

  天左旋,乾在右;地右旋,坤在左。以应阴阳交合。

  右下角的乾卦与左上角的坤卦相配,叫老男配老母,生出来否卦和泰卦;兑卦和艮卦相配,叫少女配少男,生出来咸卦和损卦;离卦和坎卦相配,叫中男配中女,生出来未济卦和既济卦;震卦和巽卦相配,叫长男配长女,生出来恒卦和益卦。

  老男配老妇

  乾为阳,从右下角的乾卦往上看,总计八个卦,每卦的上卦都是乾卦,每卦的下卦则都是依照先天八卦的次序顺着组合,而又组成了新的八种卦象,即:乾与乾组合,组成了乾为天、乾与兑组合,组成了天泽履、乾与离组合,组成了天火同人、乾与震组合,组成了天雷无妄、乾与巽组合,组成了天风姤、乾与坎组合,组成了天水讼、乾与艮组合,组成了天山遁、乾与坤组合,组成了天地否。这些演变的新卦象,分别包含着各自不同的含义。

  仍以右下角乾卦为起点,向左横看,也是一共八个卦,每卦的下卦都是乾卦,每卦的上卦也都是依照先天八卦的次序顺着组合,产生了新的八个卦象,即:乾与乾组合,组成了乾为天、乾与兑组合,组成了泽天夬、乾与离组合,组成了火天大有、乾与震组合,组成了雷天大壮、乾与巽组合,组成了风天小畜、乾与坎组合,组成了水天需、乾与艮组合,组成了山天大畜、乾与坤组合,组成了地天泰。

  乾为阳,从下到上,依次是:乾一、兑二、离三、震四、巽五、坎六、艮七、坤八。

  坤为阴,从左上角的坤卦向下看,总计八个卦,每卦的上卦都是坤卦,每卦的下卦则都是依照先天八卦的次序倒着组合,而又组成了新的八种卦象,即:坤与坤组合,组成了坤为地、艮与坤组合,组成了山地剥、坎与坤组合,组成了水地比、巽与坤组合,组成了风地观、震与坤组合,组成了雷地豫、离与坤组合,组成了火地晋、兑与坤组合,组成了泽地萃、乾与坤组合,组成了天地否。

  仍以左上角坤卦为起点,向右横看,也是一共八个卦,每卦的下卦都是坤卦,每卦的上卦也都是依照先天八卦的次序倒着组合,产生了新的八个卦象,即:

  坤为阴,从上到下,依次是:坤八、艮七、坎六、巽五、震四、离三、兑二、乾一。

  少女配少男

  右下角兑卦与左上角艮卦相对。

  中女配中男

  右下角离卦与左上角坎卦相对。

  长男配长女

  右下角震卦与左上角巽卦相对。

  我们再看看左下角与右上角的相配关系。

  少男配少女

  左下角艮卦与右上角兑卦相对。

  中男配中女

  左下角坎卦与右上角离卦相对。

  长女配长男

  左下角巽卦与右上角震卦相对。

  这充分体现了一阴一阳谓之道的自然规律。

  更有繁琐的是,上图内的《方图》分为四个方格,每个方格内有16个卦,16×4=64,恰好六十四卦。红格和绿格之中的卦,含义是不同的。左上角红格内的16卦,是坤、艮、砍、巽四卦,自己与自己相配,生出来的卦,分别是风地观、地风升,等,叫地之体卦。

  右下角红格内的16卦,是乾、兑、离、震四卦,自己与自己相配,生出来的卦,分别是天雷无妄、雷天大壮,等,叫天之体卦。

  上面两种都属于天气上升,地气下降,阴阳不交的结果。

  右上角绿格内的16卦,是天之卦与地之卦相配,生出来的卦,分别是雷地豫、天凤逅,等。天地相配相交,阴阳媾和,阐释了动物。

  左下角绿格内的16卦,是地之卦与天之卦相配,生出来的卦,分别是风天小畜、地雷复,等。地天相配相交,阴阳媾和,阐释了植物。

  方图上半部相当于地球的南半球,乾卦是南极,巽卦是地磁南极(N);下半部相当于地球的北半球,坤卦是北极,震卦是地磁北极(S)。

  震巽相吸引,砍离相吸引,艮兑相吸引,乾坤相吸引,于是,地球偌大的磁场形成了。

  

(二)圆图

  《圆图》象征天,《方图》象征地。天有冷暖,地应四季。

  天有阴阳,阴极阳生为冬至,阳极阴生为夏至,因此,二至为阴阳之枢纽。乾为阳极,阳极阴生是逅卦(初爻变阴);坤为阴极,阴极阳生是复卦(初爻变阳)。于是,乾、逅、坤、复四卦,担当起阴与阳转换的节点。

  复卦初爻变阳,冬至开始、明夷三爻变阳,立春开始、临卦二爻变阳,春分开始、泰卦下卦纯阳,立夏开始、逅卦初爻变阴,夏至开始、讼卦三爻变阴,立秋开始、遁卦二爻变阴,秋分开始、否卦下纯阴,立冬开始。周而复始,运转无穷,这是时间的概念。

  乾、夬、大有、大壮、小畜、需、大畜、泰、履、兑、睽、归妹、中孚、节、损、临、同人、革、离、丰、家人、既济、贲、明夷、无妄、随、噬磕、震、益、屯、颐、复,共32卦分布左半圆,从右下角乾卦向左依次排列,一直到复卦止。与方图下半部相呼应。

  坤、剥、比、观、豫、晋、萃、否、谦、艮、蹇、渐、小过、旅、咸、遁、师、蒙、砍、涣、解、未济、困、讼、升、蛊、井、巽、恒、鼎、大过、逅,共32卦分布右半圆,从左上角坤卦起,向右依次排列,一直到逅卦止。与方图上半部相呼应。

  从《圆图》的乾卦起,逆时钟到坤卦,恰好由阳爻转变为阴爻的整个过程,一共32卦,112个阳爻,80个阴爻,这是大自然“阳升阴消”的现象;

  从《圆图》的坤卦起,逆时钟到乾卦,恰好由阴爻转变为阳爻的整个过程,一共32卦,112个阴爻,80个阳爻,这是大自然“阴盛阳消”的现象。

  人们说,《圆图》阴阳爻的变化过程,是世界上最早的二进制。

  宇宙奥秘是天地的法则,人类永远也不能彻底弄明白,《六十四卦方圆图》有限地揭示了天地间的自然现象,其理自然而然的也深奥难懂,人类只有一辈一辈地走下去,慢慢地去认识,从失败中寻找原因。

  现在,我们需要回过头来,研究验证她的预测功能,这才具有现实意义。举个简单的例子,买一辆汽车,没有必要急着去彻底弄懂汽车的动力构造,只要能熟练的驾驶就行。能够熟练驾驶汽车,就相当于能够利用前人的智慧公式来预测人生。

  八卦衍生出来的预测方法不胜其数。有人潜心研究,利用《六十四卦方圆图来预测人事,据说也非常灵验,仁者见仁智者见智。一位朋友酷爱周易,针对《方圆图》颇有见地。他有一个儿子在市里念高一,去年4月4日下午,班主任打来电话,说他儿子上午没来上课。第二天,他儿子依然没去学校,孩子他妈慌了神,亲戚朋友家找个遍,不见孩子的踪影。我这位朋友显得却很平静,指着一张一米见方的方圆图,对我说:“风火家人,综卦火泽睽,这孩子玩心不退,还在市区,今儿晚自习就该回校了。”吃过晚饭,去学校一看,果然已经回到学校。

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